Tested on Android 12 Emulator with custom executor, but cannot repro this issue.

1. Second crash in the description is from a real device. Experienced it myself on two different Xiaomi phones, plus lots of crashes from users in the Google Play console.

2. Dynamic features are not used in the application.

As a wild guess, I have downgraded build tools from 31.0.0 to 30.0.3, compileSdk from 31 to 30, and moved all work with Language ID to the service in a separate process (just to be sure that crash can kill secondary process instead of main). This combination is in beta for 2 days by now and I don't see any SIGSEGV crashes.

Hmm, I feel the crash might be something related to separate/secondary process.

I also changed compileSdk and targetSDK to 31 but still cannot repro this issue.

On the contrary, there was no separate process before, when crashes started.

In the new build (with the aforementioned changes) I can see SIGSEGV crash, but only one instead of dozens and it has a bit different backtrace:

signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 1 (SEGV_MAPERR)
liblanguage_id_jni.so (offset 0x11e000)

backtrace:
  #00  pc 000000000003c7c0  /data/app/azagroup.reedy-mF7zTu2bv_ELlbFArwNgqA==/split_config.arm64_v8a.apk!lib/arm64-v8a/liblanguage_id_jni.so (offset 0x11e000)
  #00  pc 000000000003b960  /data/app/azagroup.reedy-mF7zTu2bv_ELlbFArwNgqA==/split_config.arm64_v8a.apk!lib/arm64-v8a/liblanguage_id_jni.so (offset 0x11e000)
  #00  pc 000000000003bb48  /data/app/azagroup.reedy-mF7zTu2bv_ELlbFArwNgqA==/split_config.arm64_v8a.apk!lib/arm64-v8a/liblanguage_id_jni.so (offset 0x11e000)
  #00  pc 000000000003bafc  /data/app/azagroup.reedy-mF7zTu2bv_ELlbFArwNgqA==/split_config.arm64_v8a.apk!lib/arm64-v8a/liblanguage_id_jni.so (offset 0x11e000)
  #00  pc 0000000000036c98  /data/app/azagroup.reedy-mF7zTu2bv_ELlbFArwNgqA==/split_config.arm64_v8a.apk!lib/arm64-v8a/liblanguage_id_jni.so (offset 0x11e000)
  #00  pc 0000000000032714  /data/app/azagroup.reedy-mF7zTu2bv_ELlbFArwNgqA==/split_config.arm64_v8a.apk!lib/arm64-v8a/liblanguage_id_jni.so (offset 0x11e000)
  #00  pc 0000000000031cac  /data/app/azagroup.reedy-mF7zTu2bv_ELlbFArwNgqA==/split_config.arm64_v8a.apk!lib/arm64-v8a/liblanguage_id_jni.so (offset 0x11e000)
  #00  pc 0000000000057438  /data/app/azagroup.reedy-mF7zTu2bv_ELlbFArwNgqA==/oat/arm64/base.odex (offset 0x57000)

FYI, ML Kit launched a new language ID SDK in the latest release, which uses a new language ID model. https://developers.google.com/ml-kit/release-notes#august_11_2021

Could you try the new SDK version(17.0.0) to check if you can still repro this native crash? Thanks!

Thank you, I'll try it and check.

Hello. I have similar experience.

• I'm using mlkit-language 16.1.1
• I didnot meet this error until using AGP 4.2
• I can get this error since using AGP 7.0
• This error raised on Release build only(minimized by R8)
• This error raised without obfuscation.

Also I found there is a post which presents same issue on stackoverflow.

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/68832304/mlkit-translate-sdk-crashes-in-release-build

I created reproducible project.

$ git clone https://github.com/ganadist/VersionCodeDemo -b mlkit_agp7 mlkit_agp7
$ cd mlkit_agp7
$ ./gradlew :app:pPRUA
$ adb install app/build/outputs/universal_apk/productionRelease/app-production-release-universal.apk
$ adb shell am start -n com.example.myapplication/.MainActivity

$ adb logcat -b crash -d
10-19 19:41:49.844 17810 17810 F libc    : Fatal signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 1 (SEGV_MAPERR), fault addr 0x7acf9d733c in tid 17810 (e.myapplication), pid 17810 (e.myapplication)
10-19 19:41:50.473 17849 17849 F DEBUG   : *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
10-19 19:41:50.473 17849 17849 F DEBUG   : Build fingerprint: 'google/crosshatch/crosshatch:12/SPB5.210812.002/7671067:user/release-keys'
10-19 19:41:50.473 17849 17849 F DEBUG   : Revision: 'MP1.0'
10-19 19:41:50.473 17849 17849 F DEBUG   : ABI: 'arm64'
10-19 19:41:50.473 17849 17849 F DEBUG   : Timestamp: 2021-10-19 19:41:49.903736988+0900
10-19 19:41:50.473 17849 17849 F DEBUG   : Process uptime: 0s
10-19 19:41:50.473 17849 17849 F DEBUG   : Cmdline: com.example.myapplication
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   : pid: 17810, tid: 17810, name: e.myapplication  >>> com.example.myapplication <<<
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   : uid: 10240
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   : signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 1 (SEGV_MAPERR), fault addr 0x7acf9d733c
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   :     x0  0000000000000000  x1  00000000000008fc  x2  0000007a76760c71  x3  0000000000000000
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   :     x4  0000000000000010  x5  0000007ba4db49d0  x6  0000007b34dc3680  x7  3de38e3900000608
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   :     x8  0000007bb4dbedf0  x9  0000007acf9db2aa  x10 0000000000000000  x11 0000007acf9d6640
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   :     x12 0000000000000009  x13 0000000000000000  x14 0000000000000061  x15 00000000ebad6a89
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   :     x16 0000007a767cfef8  x17 0000007d9a564b40  x18 0000007da3830000  x19 0000007feaf56a08
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   :     x20 0000000000000000  x21 0000007ba4da50b0  x22 0000007bb4dbedf0  x23 0000007ba4da50b8
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   :     x24 0000000000000009  x25 000000000000067e  x26 0000000000000012  x27 0000000000000008
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   :     x28 0000007b64dc8440  x29 0000000000000000
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   :     lr  0000007a7678a964  sp  0000007feaf56810  pc  0000007a7678b7c0  pst 0000000060000000
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   : backtrace:
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   :       #00 pc 000000000003c7c0  /data/app/~~mHaMq-e9ocbm9UfYnkCGkQ==/com.example.myapplication-HgG9vkluwDDO1K78-Vzr0A==/lib/arm64/liblanguage_id_jni.so (BuildId: 859ec0ec2000a39e6ae8ed42e1704f46)
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   :       #01 pc 000000000003b960  /data/app/~~mHaMq-e9ocbm9UfYnkCGkQ==/com.example.myapplication-HgG9vkluwDDO1K78-Vzr0A==/lib/arm64/liblanguage_id_jni.so (BuildId: 859ec0ec2000a39e6ae8ed42e1704f46)
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   :       #02 pc 000000000003bb48  /data/app/~~mHaMq-e9ocbm9UfYnkCGkQ==/com.example.myapplication-HgG9vkluwDDO1K78-Vzr0A==/lib/arm64/liblanguage_id_jni.so (BuildId: 859ec0ec2000a39e6ae8ed42e1704f46)
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   :       #03 pc 000000000003bafc  /data/app/~~mHaMq-e9ocbm9UfYnkCGkQ==/com.example.myapplication-HgG9vkluwDDO1K78-Vzr0A==/lib/arm64/liblanguage_id_jni.so (BuildId: 859ec0ec2000a39e6ae8ed42e1704f46)
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   :       #04 pc 0000000000036c98  /data/app/~~mHaMq-e9ocbm9UfYnkCGkQ==/com.example.myapplication-HgG9vkluwDDO1K78-Vzr0A==/lib/arm64/liblanguage_id_jni.so (BuildId: 859ec0ec2000a39e6ae8ed42e1704f46)
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   :       #05 pc 00000000000324a4  /data/app/~~mHaMq-e9ocbm9UfYnkCGkQ==/com.example.myapplication-HgG9vkluwDDO1K78-Vzr0A==/lib/arm64/liblanguage_id_jni.so (BuildId: 859ec0ec2000a39e6ae8ed42e1704f46)
10-19 19:41:50.474 17849 17849 F DEBUG   :       #06 pc 0000000000031b5c  /data/app/~~mHaMq-e9ocbm9UfYnkCGkQ==/com.example.myapplication-HgG9vkluwDDO1K78-Vzr0A==/lib/arm64/liblanguage_id_jni.so (Java_com_google_mlkit_nl_languageid_internal_LanguageIdentificationJni_nativeIdentifyLanguage+100) (BuildId: 859ec0ec2000a39e6ae8ed42e1704f46)

But after downgrade to AGP 4.2, crash is not reproducible.

$ git clone https://github.com/ganadist/VersionCodeDemo -b mlkit_agp42 mlkit_agp42
$ cd mlkit_agp42
$ ./gradlew :app:pPRUA
$ adb install app/build/outputs/universal_apk/productionRelease/app-production-release-universal.apk
$ adb shell am start -n com.example.myapplication/.MainActivity

Also, I tried to disable inline optimizers on R8 with AGP 7.0, and crash is not reproducible.

$ git clone https://github.com/ganadist/VersionCodeDemo -b mlkit_agp7_r8_disable_inline_optimizer  mlkit_agp7_r8
$ cd mlkit_agp7_r8
$ ./gradlew :app:pPRUA
$ adb install app/build/outputs/universal_apk/productionRelease/app-production-release-universal.apk
$ adb shell am start -n com.example.myapplication/.MainActivity

I tried the repro steps but got a NPE when I run ./gradlew :app:pPRUA

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
java.lang.NullPointerException
> java.lang.NullPointerException (no error message)

Could you also check if this is reproducible on 17.0.0 or 17.0.1? If yes, could you attach the full log that I can take a look? Thanks!

Here are gradle build scan logs for each branches.
All builds were clean build, and disabled build cache.

• mlkit_agp7 : https://scans.gradle.com/s/qrymdqfzwokbq
• mlkit_agp42 : https://scans.gradle.com/s/b6644hzfyfhaw
• mlkit_agp7_r8_disable_inline_optimizer : https://scans.gradle.com/s/c6h5hy2nxod4u
  • You can see R8 debug mode on build log : https://scans.gradle.com/s/c6h5hy2nxod4u/console-log#L95

Also, I pushed to update MLKit Language Id version 17.0.1 on mlkit17_agp7 branch And here is gradle build scan

• https://scans.gradle.com/s/ytaa2kkbp5vc4
  • Here is version of com.google.mlkit:language-id

And here is crash log after apply 17.0.1
You can see that BuildId of liblanguage_id_l2c_jni.so was changed from 859ec0ec2000a39e6ae8ed42e1704f46 to be6e59455cc10135330c93acdebfc121

10-20 03:07:24.522 24587 24628 F libc    : Fatal signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 1 (SEGV_MAPERR), fault addr 0x7acf995426 in tid 24628 (pool-3-thread-3), pid 24587 (e.myapplication)
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   : *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   : Build fingerprint: 'google/crosshatch/crosshatch:12/SPB5.210812.002/7671067:user/release-keys'
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   : Revision: 'MP1.0'
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   : ABI: 'arm64'
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   : Timestamp: 2021-10-20 03:07:24.583346246+0900
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   : Process uptime: 0s
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   : Cmdline: com.example.myapplication
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   : pid: 24587, tid: 24628, name: pool-3-thread-3  >>> com.example.myapplication <<<
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   : uid: 10240
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   : signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 1 (SEGV_MAPERR), fault addr 0x7acf995426
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :     x0  0000007b54da9d30  x1  0000007d9a5fe7cc  x2  0000000000000000  x3  0000000000000010
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :     x4  0000000000000000  x5  0000007c34dbc79c  x6  0000002f0000083b  x7  000003c300002dd5
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :     x8  0000000000000001  x9  0000000000000004  x10 0000000000000010  x11 0000000000000000
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :     x12 0000000000000000  x13 000000000000217e  x14 0000007acf9932a8  x15 000000000000217e
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :     x16 0000000000000000  x17 0000007d9a564c78  x18 0000007a6ef18000  x19 0000007c34dbc580
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :     x20 0000007ca4dc7170  x21 0000007ca4dc7800  x22 0000007ca4dc71e0  x23 0000000000000000
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :     x24 0000000000000018  x25 0000000000000007  x26 0000000000000006  x27 0000000000000004
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :     x28 0000007ca4dc7090  x29 0000007cb4da9940
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :     lr  0000007a770a9624  sp  0000007a6f7de9c0  pc  0000007a770a96a8  pst 0000000020000000
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   : backtrace:
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #00 pc 00000000000386a8  /data/app/~~KjjULZV48O7KSOgOP1wYNQ==/com.example.myapplication-vFUidUPTjaGg4oo3SRAYJw==/lib/arm64/liblanguage_id_l2c_jni.so (BuildId: be6e59455cc10135330c93acdebfc121)
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #01 pc 00000000000388a0  /data/app/~~KjjULZV48O7KSOgOP1wYNQ==/com.example.myapplication-vFUidUPTjaGg4oo3SRAYJw==/lib/arm64/liblanguage_id_l2c_jni.so (BuildId: be6e59455cc10135330c93acdebfc121)
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #02 pc 00000000000844a0  /data/app/~~KjjULZV48O7KSOgOP1wYNQ==/com.example.myapplication-vFUidUPTjaGg4oo3SRAYJw==/lib/arm64/liblanguage_id_l2c_jni.so (BuildId: be6e59455cc10135330c93acdebfc121)
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #03 pc 000000000008783c  /data/app/~~KjjULZV48O7KSOgOP1wYNQ==/com.example.myapplication-vFUidUPTjaGg4oo3SRAYJw==/lib/arm64/liblanguage_id_l2c_jni.so (BuildId: be6e59455cc10135330c93acdebfc121)
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #04 pc 0000000000035fc4  /data/app/~~KjjULZV48O7KSOgOP1wYNQ==/com.example.myapplication-vFUidUPTjaGg4oo3SRAYJw==/lib/arm64/liblanguage_id_l2c_jni.so (BuildId: be6e59455cc10135330c93acdebfc121)
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #05 pc 0000000000034954  /data/app/~~KjjULZV48O7KSOgOP1wYNQ==/com.example.myapplication-vFUidUPTjaGg4oo3SRAYJw==/lib/arm64/liblanguage_id_l2c_jni.so (BuildId: be6e59455cc10135330c93acdebfc121)
10-20 03:07:25.190 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #06 pc 00000000000340e8  /data/app/~~KjjULZV48O7KSOgOP1wYNQ==/com.example.myapplication-vFUidUPTjaGg4oo3SRAYJw==/lib/arm64/liblanguage_id_l2c_jni.so (Java_com_google_mlkit_nl_languageid_internal_ThickLanguageIdentifier_nativeIdentifyPossibleLanguages+108) (BuildId: be6e59455cc10135330c93acdebfc121)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #07 pc 00000000002d9a44  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (art_quick_generic_jni_trampoline+148) (BuildId: cdecb8dde1264c9871695c29854aa3b1)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #08 pc 000000000020a700  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (nterp_helper+5648) (BuildId: cdecb8dde1264c9871695c29854aa3b1)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #09 pc 00000000000cd0dc  /data/app/~~KjjULZV48O7KSOgOP1wYNQ==/com.example.myapplication-vFUidUPTjaGg4oo3SRAYJw==/oat/arm64/base.vdex
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #10 pc 000000000020a044  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (nterp_helper+3924) (BuildId: cdecb8dde1264c9871695c29854aa3b1)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #11 pc 00000000000ccfa8  /data/app/~~KjjULZV48O7KSOgOP1wYNQ==/com.example.myapplication-vFUidUPTjaGg4oo3SRAYJw==/oat/arm64/base.vdex
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #12 pc 0000000000557cb4  /system/framework/arm64/boot-framework.oat (android.os.Binder.transact+148) (BuildId: 43a571a0ad85d6451b47016336a541ecb0eb12bb)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #13 pc 000000000020b53c  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (nterp_helper+9292) (BuildId: cdecb8dde1264c9871695c29854aa3b1)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #14 pc 00000000000b7aba  /data/app/~~KjjULZV48O7KSOgOP1wYNQ==/com.example.myapplication-vFUidUPTjaGg4oo3SRAYJw==/oat/arm64/base.vdex
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #15 pc 000000000020a044  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (nterp_helper+3924) (BuildId: cdecb8dde1264c9871695c29854aa3b1)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #16 pc 00000000000a7496  /data/app/~~KjjULZV48O7KSOgOP1wYNQ==/com.example.myapplication-vFUidUPTjaGg4oo3SRAYJw==/oat/arm64/base.vdex
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #17 pc 000000000020a044  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (nterp_helper+3924) (BuildId: cdecb8dde1264c9871695c29854aa3b1)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #18 pc 00000000000a7360  /data/app/~~KjjULZV48O7KSOgOP1wYNQ==/com.example.myapplication-vFUidUPTjaGg4oo3SRAYJw==/oat/arm64/base.vdex
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #19 pc 000000000020ae64  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (nterp_helper+7540) (BuildId: cdecb8dde1264c9871695c29854aa3b1)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #20 pc 000000000009e46c  /data/app/~~KjjULZV48O7KSOgOP1wYNQ==/com.example.myapplication-vFUidUPTjaGg4oo3SRAYJw==/oat/arm64/base.vdex
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #21 pc 000000000020ae64  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (nterp_helper+7540) (BuildId: cdecb8dde1264c9871695c29854aa3b1)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #22 pc 00000000000d33d6  /data/app/~~KjjULZV48O7KSOgOP1wYNQ==/com.example.myapplication-vFUidUPTjaGg4oo3SRAYJw==/oat/arm64/base.vdex
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #23 pc 000000000020ae64  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (nterp_helper+7540) (BuildId: cdecb8dde1264c9871695c29854aa3b1)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #24 pc 000000000009df0a  /data/app/~~KjjULZV48O7KSOgOP1wYNQ==/com.example.myapplication-vFUidUPTjaGg4oo3SRAYJw==/oat/arm64/base.vdex
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #25 pc 0000000000209124  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (nterp_helper+52) (BuildId: cdecb8dde1264c9871695c29854aa3b1)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #26 pc 000000000009e350  /data/app/~~KjjULZV48O7KSOgOP1wYNQ==/com.example.myapplication-vFUidUPTjaGg4oo3SRAYJw==/oat/arm64/base.vdex
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #27 pc 000000000037b9ac  /apex/com.android.art/javalib/arm64/boot.oat (java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker+988) (BuildId: ab2bf4ec264efdb6c452a238be38fe624de826b8)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #28 pc 00000000003751d4  /apex/com.android.art/javalib/arm64/boot.oat (java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run+68) (BuildId: ab2bf4ec264efdb6c452a238be38fe624de826b8)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #29 pc 000000000020aec4  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (nterp_helper+7636) (BuildId: cdecb8dde1264c9871695c29854aa3b1)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #30 pc 000000000009e370  /data/app/~~KjjULZV48O7KSOgOP1wYNQ==/com.example.myapplication-vFUidUPTjaGg4oo3SRAYJw==/oat/arm64/base.vdex
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #31 pc 00000000001bf35c  /apex/com.android.art/javalib/arm64/boot.oat (java.lang.Thread.run+76) (BuildId: ab2bf4ec264efdb6c452a238be38fe624de826b8)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #32 pc 00000000002d0164  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (art_quick_invoke_stub+548) (BuildId: cdecb8dde1264c9871695c29854aa3b1)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #33 pc 000000000031ccac  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char const*)+156) (BuildId: cdecb8dde1264c9871695c29854aa3b1)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #34 pc 00000000003cf8a0  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (art::JValue art::InvokeVirtualOrInterfaceWithJValues<art::ArtMethod*>(art::ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnable const&, _jobject*, art::ArtMethod*, jvalue const*)+380) (BuildId: cdecb8dde1264c9871695c29854aa3b1)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #35 pc 0000000000460894  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (art::Thread::CreateCallback(void*)+992) (BuildId: cdecb8dde1264c9871695c29854aa3b1)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #36 pc 00000000000b1910  /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (__pthread_start(void*)+264) (BuildId: ba489d4985c0cf173209da67405662f9)
10-20 03:07:25.191 24710 24710 F DEBUG   :       #37 pc 00000000000513f0  /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (__start_thread+64) (BuildId: ba489d4985c0cf173209da67405662f9)

Cross-posted on R8 issue tracker. https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/203573699

Hi,

Looks like we figured out the root cause in b/203573699

For temporary workarounds for the existing SDKs, you need to add this rule

-keep class com.google.mlkit.nl.languageid.internal.LanguageIdentificationJni { *; }

for language-id 16.1.1, and add this rule

-keep class com.google.mlkit.nl.languageid.internal.ThickLanguageIdentifier { *; }

for version language-id 17.0.0+ for the newer model.

We'll fix this issue in the upcoming release so that you'll not need these workarounds in the future release.

Thanks a lot for reporting this issue!

Added workarounds in Known issues section in public docs.

+1

Android 28 (Pie) added support for custom shadows. It's very strange that, 2 years later, MDC for Android still don't support it.

And it's even stranger why a freshly made UI toolkit like Compose did not account for custom shadows.

Which features do you want from the shadow that Compose doesn't provide? I thought that we had supported most of Android's shadow capabilities.

I think the main feature request is to be able to color the shadows. Right now they are always the grey/blackish ones. Framework introduced both ambient and spot color shadows back in API level 28 I believe

I don't think it's a problem with the support of Android Framework shadows, it's already a problem on the framework itself, the main request (at least for me) to implement custom shadows only for Compose which are more flexible than Framework ones, even if they are not as performant as ones provided by the framework, after all, ad-hoc implementation will be probably even less performant than officially supported modifier for shadows.

Maybe it worth keeping drawShadow as it is and introduce an additional modifier like drawCustomShadow, so it will be more clear that it doesn't use an optimized version of shadows.

Colors, positions and offsets. For all API levels and desktop as previous comment said.

It is important to note that shadows in the framework are consistent with a singular light source placed in a virtual space above the top of the display. This ensures that shadows are rendered consistently with content to the left/right closer/further away from the content as well. This configuration is more part of the rendering environment vs configuration of parameters for a single drawing instruction like drawRect. This is what makes positions and offsets less likely to be configurable vs color information.

IMO a multiplatform library should allow more things, not only material one.

If I want to create a neumorphism theme I will have to do from scratch.

Why all future targets of compose have to place the light in the same exact point?

I can understand how shadows have to work if using material, but the generic one should be more flexible.

Such behavior of shadows makes sense in the context of Material design paradigm but makes it less controllable by developers.

When in most of cases I want to replicate a design from my design team, and shadow is just an instrument for me to emulate shadows from their design tool (photoshop/figma/sketch etc), and they not only do not use single light source, but often used shadows in different cases and with different settings, which now is hard to emulate (or possible, but tedious and require usage of custom drawables or custom rendering)

I would expect drawShadow modifier (or some additional) which works closer to CSS box-shadow property

That's right. This design requirement exists between many development teams, should not allow everyone to follow Material Design, this will reject many people, I really hope that Compose can do better than Flutter, in the current point of view, Compose is really bad than Flutter in addition to Kotlin this feature..

I strongly support that - shadows are a general design thing, not material design specific. Compose allows for theming outside of material design paradigm, same principle should be applied to shadows.

Please stop spamming "+1". This only creates noise in notifications. Press the ⭐ button and stay calm.

+1

Do not +1.
Star the issue instead. This isn't a forum.

Here's a change request to add the ambientShadowColor and spotShadowColor layer properties and expose them via GraphicsLayerScope: https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/frameworks/support/+/1956537

If desired, the Surface, Card, Button, etc. layouts could then expose these values before passing them on to GraphicsLayerModifier, but this is usable with custom layouts in non-Material design systems.

Unfortunately, they need to run on android greater than sdk28, which is far from androidx compose's argument for minimum support for sdk21.

I mean compose is a androidx ui toolkit rather than a system-level framework, so it should be backwards compatible, at least compatible to the same level as the compose core, instead of letting people implement different codes for different android versions when using it.

Re: #62:

Compose already supports RenderEffect for blurring graphics layers, which was added in API 31, so that argument wouldn't be consistent with what Compose currently supports.

Compose already supports RenderEffect for blurring graphics layers, which was added in API 31, so that argument wouldn't be consistent with what Compose currently supports.

emm...Yes, I know that, maybe it is the technical difficulties of the lower version implementation that makes it impossible to use other methods to achieve backwards compatibility, so I am a little disappointed

+1

+1

It's pretty weird, if I understand the comment #23 correctly, there are no plans to support custom shadow offset, and custom colors will only appear on API 28+ in version 1.2.0.

I understand this has to do with Material single light source, but I believe that Compose as a UI framework should not be restricted by Material guidelines. Elevation is something only Material related, and it seems more appropriate for Modifier.shadow(elevation = ...) to be inside androidx.compose.material, and androidx.compose.material could have a modifier that is independent of light source or elevation, and can be configured.

It is very strange to limit this possibility, because for the most part there are no restrictions on creating non Material UI on Android. Often apps are made with platform-independent designs, and it should be possible to create them as designed.

The only possibility to draw a shadow, which I found, on older devices requires to turn off hardware acceleration, as well as has a number of limitations during the animation.

This is by far the most popular issue of Compose, which shows how much people really need this kind of feature.

I do not understand why there has to be a virtual global singlular light source in order to cast shadows? The reason why we have that in the real world is because we do have actual physical light sources in the environment that we are able to perceive. But having a virtual one on your screen that you cannot actually see or perceive is just non-intuitive. Unless you try to also include real world light source detection, it is very stupid to have a mandatory virtual light source in the design system.

Definitely agree with https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/160665122#comment94

This has always sounded to me as "over-designeered"

+1

+1 Shadows near the edge look like garbage on big screens like tablets. The "single global light" idea just doesn't look good. I only want box-shadows like css.

+1 It's so disappointing that we can't use colored shadows in the View system, but more disappointing is that we can't do it in Compose also!

CSS box-shadow-like Modifier implementation

In response to #105, and for anyone interested in full customization, here's a straightforward solution that applies to Jetpack Compose (Android only, not Compose Multiplatform).

This modifier must be placed before any contents (including background) or the shadow covers the contents.

Usage example

Draws a cyan rounded rectangle with a soft drop shadow. When pressed, the shadow is blurred even more (the animation demonstrates performance of this implementation; in fact, on my physical device, even in debug mode it looks as smooth as my eyes can see).

@Composable
fun App() {
    AppTheme {
        Column(
            modifier = Modifier
                .systemBarsPadding()
                .padding(24.dp)
        ) {
            val interactionSource = remember { MutableInteractionSource() }
            val isPressed by interactionSource.collectIsPressedAsState()

            Box(
                modifier = Modifier
                    .size(100.dp, 70.dp)
                    .boxShadow(
                        color = Color.Black.copy(alpha = 0.24f),
                        blurRadius = animateDpAsState(
                            targetValue = when {
                                isPressed -> 12.dp
                                else -> 6.dp
                            }
                        ).value,
                        offset = DpOffset(x = 0.dp, y = 4.dp),
                        shape = RoundedCornerShape(size = 8.dp)
                    )
                    .background(Color.Cyan)
                    .clickable(
                        interactionSource = interactionSource,
                        indication = LocalIndication.current
                    ) {}
            )
        }
    }
}

Implementation

/**
 * Applies a shadow to the current box.
 *
 * @param color The color of the shadow.
 *
 * @param blurRadius The larger this value, the bigger the blur, so the shadow
 * becomes bigger and lighter.
 * If set to `0`, the shadow's edge is sharp.
 *
 * @param spreadRadius Positive values will cause the shadow to expand and grow
 * bigger, negative values will cause the shadow to shrink.
 *
 * @param offset Offsets the shadow from the box.
 *
 * @param shape The shape of the box, which is applied to the shadow as well.
 *
 * @param clip Whether to clip the content to [shape].
 *
 * @param inset Whether the shadow should be inset to [shape]; otherwise, it is
 * a drop shadow.
 *
 * @exception IllegalArgumentException Any of the following conditions holds:
 * - [color] is [Color.Unspecified],
 * - [blurRadius] is [Dp.Unspecified] or negative,
 * - [spreadRadius] is [Dp.Unspecified],
 * - [offset] is [DpOffset.Unspecified].
 */
@Stable
fun Modifier.boxShadow(
    color: Color,
    blurRadius: Dp,
    spreadRadius: Dp = 0.dp,
    offset: DpOffset = DpOffset.Zero,
    shape: Shape = RectangleShape,
    clip: Boolean = true,
    inset: Boolean = false
): Modifier {

    require(color.isSpecified) { "color must be specified." }
    require(blurRadius.isSpecified) { "blurRadius must be specified." }
    require(spreadRadius.isSpecified) { "spreadRadius must be specified." }
    require(blurRadius.value >= 0f) { "blurRadius can't be negative." }
    require(offset.isSpecified) { "offset must be specified." }

    return drawWithCache {
        onDrawWithContent {

            if (inset)
                drawContent()

            drawIntoCanvas { canvas ->

                val colorArgb = color.toArgb()
                val hasBlurRadius = blurRadius.value.let { it.isFinite() && it != 0f }
                val paint = Paint()

                paint.asFrameworkPaint().let { frameworkPaint ->

                    if (hasBlurRadius) {
                        frameworkPaint.maskFilter = BlurMaskFilter(
                            blurRadius.toPx(),
                            BlurMaskFilter.Blur.NORMAL
                        )
                    }

                    frameworkPaint.color = colorArgb
                }

                val spreadRadiusPx = spreadRadius.toPx().let { spreadRadiusPx ->
                    when {
                        inset -> -spreadRadiusPx
                        else -> spreadRadiusPx
                    }
                }

                val hasSpreadRadius = spreadRadiusPx != 0f
                val size = size
                val layoutDirection = layoutDirection

                val density = Density(
                    density = density,
                    fontScale = fontScale
                )

                val shadowOutline = shape.createOutline(
                    size = when {
                        hasSpreadRadius -> size.let { (width, height) ->
                            (2 * spreadRadiusPx).let { outset ->
                                Size(
                                    width = width + outset,
                                    height = height + outset
                                )
                            }
                        }
                        else -> size
                    },
                    layoutDirection = layoutDirection,
                    density = density
                )

                val nativeCanvas = canvas.nativeCanvas
                val count = nativeCanvas.save()

                if (inset) {

                    val boxOutline = when {
                        hasSpreadRadius -> shape.createOutline(
                            size = size,
                            layoutDirection = layoutDirection,
                            density = density
                        )
                        else -> shadowOutline
                    }

                    canvas.clipToOutline(boxOutline)

                    val bounds = boxOutline.bounds

                    nativeCanvas.saveLayer(
                        bounds.left,
                        bounds.top,
                        bounds.right,
                        bounds.bottom,
                        NativePaint().apply {
                            colorFilter = ColorMatrixColorFilter(
                                ColorMatrix(
                                    floatArrayOf(
                                        1f, 0f, 0f, 0f, 0f,
                                        0f, 1f, 0f, 0f, 0f,
                                        0f, 0f, 1f, 0f, 0f,
                                        0f, 0f, 0f, -1f, 255f * color.alpha
                                    )
                                )
                            )
                        }
                    )
                }

                canvas.translate(
                    dx = offset.x.toPx() - spreadRadiusPx,
                    dy = offset.y.toPx() - spreadRadiusPx
                )

                canvas.drawOutline(
                    outline = shadowOutline,
                    paint = paint
                )

                nativeCanvas.restoreToCount(count)
            }

            if (!inset)
                drawContent()
        }
    }.run {
        when {
            clip -> clip(shape)
            else -> this
        }
    }
}

fun Canvas.clipToOutline(
    outline: Outline,
    clipOp: ClipOp = ClipOp.Intersect
) {
    when (outline) {
        is Outline.Generic ->
            clipPath(path = outline.path, clipOp = clipOp)
        is Outline.Rectangle ->
            clipRect(rect = outline.rect, clipOp = clipOp)
        is Outline.Rounded ->
            clipPath(
                path = Path()
                    .apply { addRoundRect(outline.roundRect) },
                clipOp = clipOp
            )
    }
}

Oh, sorry, I forgot to share that method as well. Just edited my post to include the implementation of clipToOutline, which is pretty trivial.

We generate the entire design system with Figma, for shadows figma uses x-axis, y-axis, spread and blur just like iOS, but Android we can only use the elevations which is nothing like what they ask of us. I came across this ticket and I'm crying a little but I see that for some strange reason they don't want to provide a more personalized function. Very disappointed, let's see how I get out of this, my designers are amazed.

+1

+1 Compose should be more than Material. Similar to what others have stated, my design system now needs a completely different mapping from our shadow styles or use a cumbersome solution that doesn't work for anything but newer API levels.