ShareCompat.IntentBuilder doesn't create share intents that have the FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION flag set and EXTRA_STREAM values added to the intent's clip data.

Often that's not a problem because Intent.migrateExtraStreamToClipData() makes the appropriate modifications before the intent leaves the process.
Intent.migrateExtraStreamToClipData() has support for modifying the target intent of a chooser intent. However, the chooser intent itself isn't modified. This leads to the share sheet in Android 10+ not being able to access the content to show the display name or a preview image.

Reproduce with:

ShareCompat.IntentBuilder.from(activity)
    .setType("image/jpeg")
    .addStream(contentUri)
    .startChooser()

You'll notice that the share sheet doesn't show a preview image. logcat will contain a message similar to this one:

java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: reading androidx.core.content.FileProvider uri content://example/file.png from pid=x, uid=1000 requires the provider be exported, or grantUriPermission()
    at android.content.ContentProvider.enforceReadPermissionInner(ContentProvider.java:820)
    at android.content.ContentProvider$Transport.enforceReadPermission(ContentProvider.java:684)
    at android.content.ContentProvider$Transport.enforceFilePermission(ContentProvider.java:674)
    at android.content.ContentProvider$Transport.openTypedAssetFile(ContentProvider.java:548)
    at android.content.ContentProviderNative.onTransact(ContentProviderNative.java:327)
    at android.os.Binder.execTransactInternal(Binder.java:1154)
    at android.os.Binder.execTransact(Binder.java:1123)

Note that the final share target will have access to the content. I don't know why this actually works if the URI permission hasn't been granted to the system process showing the share sheet 🤷