Jetpack Compose version: 1.6.0-beta01
Jetpack Compose component: Foundation
Kotlin version: 1.9.20
Devices/Android versions reproduced on: Pixel 4a
Reproduction

Create large Text
Put it inside a LazyColumn (same length text in Column does not crash)
Wait ~10s (on Pixel 4a) for your "Can't represent a size of 385045 in Constraints" variant
See attached sample project. I use a larger font size there to speed up the reproduction (rendering 5k times 24sp is a lot faster than 50k times 14sp).
Stack trace

01:25:21.036 AndroidRuntime        E  FATAL EXCEPTION: main
Process: nl.jacobras.longtextcrash, PID: 3621
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Can't represent a size of 330071 in Constraints
at androidx.compose.ui.unit.Constraints$Companion.bitsNeedForSize(Constraints.kt:403)
at androidx.compose.ui.unit.Constraints$Companion.createConstraints-Zbe2FdA$ui_unit_release(Constraints.kt:363)
at androidx.compose.ui.unit.Constraints$Companion.fixed-JhjzzOo(Constraints.kt:314)
at androidx.compose.foundation.text.modifiers.TextAnnotatedStringNode.measure-3p2s80s(TextAnnotatedStringNode.kt:408)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutModifierNodeCoordinator.measure-BRTryo0(LayoutModifierNodeCoordinator.kt:116)
at androidx.compose.ui.graphics.SimpleGraphicsLayerModifier.measure-3p2s80s(GraphicsLayerModifier.kt:646)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutModifierNodeCoordinator.measure-BRTryo0(LayoutModifierNodeCoordinator.kt:116)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate$performMeasureBlock$1.invoke(LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate.kt:252)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate$performMeasureBlock$1.invoke(LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate.kt:251)
at androidx.compose.runtime.snapshots.Snapshot$Companion.observe(Snapshot.kt:2303)
at androidx.compose.runtime.snapshots.SnapshotStateObserver$ObservedScopeMap.observe(SnapshotStateObserver.kt:494)
at androidx.compose.runtime.snapshots.SnapshotStateObserver.observeReads(SnapshotStateObserver.kt:256)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.OwnerSnapshotObserver.observeReads$ui_release(OwnerSnapshotObserver.kt:133)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.OwnerSnapshotObserver.observeMeasureSnapshotReads$ui_release(OwnerSnapshotObserver.kt:113)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate.performMeasure-BRTryo0(LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate.kt:1601)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate.access$performMeasure-BRTryo0(LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate.kt:36)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate$MeasurePassDelegate.remeasure-BRTryo0(LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate.kt:617)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate$MeasurePassDelegate.measure-BRTryo0(LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate.kt:596)
at androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.layout.LazyLayoutMeasureScopeImpl.measure-0kLqBqw(LazyLayoutMeasureScope.kt:127)
at androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.LazyListMeasuredItemProvider.getAndMeasure(LazyListMeasuredItemProvider.kt:48)
at androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.LazyListMeasureKt.measureLazyList-5IMabDg(LazyListMeasure.kt:195)
at androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.LazyListKt$rememberLazyListMeasurePolicy$1$1.invoke-0kLqBqw(LazyList.kt:313)
at androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.LazyListKt$rememberLazyListMeasurePolicy$1$1.invoke(LazyList.kt:178)
at androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.layout.LazyLayoutKt$LazyLayout$3$2$1.invoke-0kLqBqw(LazyLayout.kt:107)
at androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.layout.LazyLayoutKt$LazyLayout$3$2$1.invoke(LazyLayout.kt:100)
at androidx.compose.ui.layout.LayoutNodeSubcompositionsState$createMeasurePolicy$1.measure-3p2s80s(SubcomposeLayout.kt:708)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.InnerNodeCoordinator.measure-BRTryo0(InnerNodeCoordinator.kt:126)
at androidx.compose.foundation.AndroidOverscroll_androidKt$StretchOverscrollNonClippingLayer$2.invoke-3p2s80s(AndroidOverscroll.android.kt:584)
at androidx.compose.foundation.AndroidOverscroll_androidKt$StretchOverscrollNonClippingLayer$2.invoke(AndroidOverscroll.android.kt:583)
at androidx.compose.ui.layout.LayoutModifierImpl.measure-3p2s80s(LayoutModifier.kt:291)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutModifierNodeCoordinator.measure-BRTryo0(LayoutModifierNodeCoordinator.kt:116)
at androidx.compose.foundation.AndroidOverscroll_androidKt$StretchOverscrollNonClippingLayer$1.invoke-3p2s80s(AndroidOverscroll.android.kt:568)
at androidx.compose.foundation.AndroidOverscroll_androidKt$StretchOverscrollNonClippingLayer$1.invoke(AndroidOverscroll.android.kt:567)
at androidx.compose.ui.layout.LayoutModifierImpl.measure-3p2s80s(LayoutModifier.kt:291)
01:25:21.041 AndroidRuntime        E  	at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutModifierNodeCoordinator.measure-BRTryo0(LayoutModifierNodeCoordinator.kt:116)
at androidx.compose.ui.graphics.SimpleGraphicsLayerModifier.measure-3p2s80s(GraphicsLayerModifier.kt:646)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutModifierNodeCoordinator.measure-BRTryo0(LayoutModifierNodeCoordinator.kt:116)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate$performMeasureBlock$1.invoke(LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate.kt:252)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate$performMeasureBlock$1.invoke(LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate.kt:251)
at androidx.compose.runtime.snapshots.Snapshot$Companion.observe(Snapshot.kt:2303)
at androidx.compose.runtime.snapshots.SnapshotStateObserver$ObservedScopeMap.observe(SnapshotStateObserver.kt:494)
at androidx.compose.runtime.snapshots.SnapshotStateObserver.observeReads(SnapshotStateObserver.kt:256)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.OwnerSnapshotObserver.observeReads$ui_release(OwnerSnapshotObserver.kt:133)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.OwnerSnapshotObserver.observeMeasureSnapshotReads$ui_release(OwnerSnapshotObserver.kt:113)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate.performMeasure-BRTryo0(LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate.kt:1601)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate.access$performMeasure-BRTryo0(LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate.kt:36)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate$MeasurePassDelegate.remeasure-BRTryo0(LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate.kt:617)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutNode.remeasure-_Sx5XlM$ui_release(LayoutNode.kt:1144)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutNode.remeasure-_Sx5XlM$ui_release$default(LayoutNode.kt:1135)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.MeasureAndLayoutDelegate.doRemeasure-sdFAvZA(MeasureAndLayoutDelegate.kt:333)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.MeasureAndLayoutDelegate.remeasureAndRelayoutIfNeeded(MeasureAndLayoutDelegate.kt:482)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.MeasureAndLayoutDelegate.onlyRemeasureIfScheduled(MeasureAndLayoutDelegate.kt:566)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.MeasureAndLayoutDelegate.forceMeasureTheSubtreeInternal(MeasureAndLayoutDelegate.kt:592)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.MeasureAndLayoutDelegate.forceMeasureTheSubtree(MeasureAndLayoutDelegate.kt:555)
at androidx.compose.ui.platform.AndroidComposeView.forceMeasureTheSubtree(AndroidComposeView.android.kt:994)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.Owner.forceMeasureTheSubtree$default(Owner.kt:241)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate$MeasurePassDelegate.remeasure-BRTryo0(LayoutNodeLayoutDelegate.kt:629)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutNode.remeasure-_Sx5XlM$ui_release(LayoutNode.kt:1144)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.MeasureAndLayoutDelegate.doRemeasure-sdFAvZA(MeasureAndLayoutDelegate.kt:331)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.MeasureAndLayoutDelegate.remeasureOnly(MeasureAndLayoutDelegate.kt:530)
at androidx.compose.ui.node.MeasureAndLayoutDelegate.measureOnly(MeasureAndLayoutDelegate.kt:384)
at androidx.compose.ui.platform.AndroidComposeView.onMeasure(AndroidComposeView.android.kt:1059)
at android.view.View.measure(View.java:26496)
at androidx.compose.ui.platform.AbstractComposeView.internalOnMeasure$ui_release(ComposeView.android.kt:302)
at androidx.compose.ui.platform.AbstractComposeView.onMeasure(ComposeView.android.kt:289)
at android.view.View.measure(View.java:26496)
at android.view.ViewGroup.measureChildWithMargins(ViewGroup.java:6981)
at android.widget.FrameLayout.onMeasure(FrameLayout.java:194)
at android.view.View.measure(View.java:26496)
at android.view.ViewGroup.measureChildWithMargins(ViewGroup.java:6981)
at android.widget.LinearLayout.measureChildBeforeLayout(LinearLayout.java:1608)
at android.widget.LinearLayout.measureVertical(LinearLayout.java:878)
at android.widget.LinearLayout.onMeasure(LinearLayout.java:721)
at android.view.View.measure(View.java:26496)
at android.view.ViewGroup.measureChildWithMargins(ViewGroup.java:6981)
at android.widget.FrameLayout.onMeasure(FrameLayout.java:194)
[..]