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Thanks. We will take a look. Even though we need to figure out a way to reliably detect when a Service is actually shutdown. Thanks for the sample project makes it a lot easier to reproduce the issue.

Thanks for reporting this issue. I think we make use of IBinder.java#linkToDeath() to guarantee successful shutdown after each test.

http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/IBinder.html#linkToDeath(android.os.IBinder.DeathRecipient, int)

I don't know the inner workings of this, but there seems to be a connection to Issue 36949180: ServiceTestRule.bindService() returns null on 2nd invocation.

Issue 36949180 has a workaround where you repeat "serviceRule.bindService(intent)" until it no longer returns null. I tried the FooServiceTest in multiple-service-calls-test.tgz in my own project setting and test 2 to 5 failed. However, all tests succeeded after changing the bindService() method to repeatedly bind inside a while loop until the returned binder is not null.