Please Read:
https://developer.android.com/studio/report-bugs.html#emulator-bugs

Android Studio Version:Android Studio 3.0.1
Build #AI-171.4443003, built on November 9, 2017
JRE: 1.8.0_152-release-915-b01 amd64
JVM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM by JetBrains s.r.o
Windows 10 10.0

Emulator Version (Emulator--> Extended Controls--> Emulator Version): 27.1.7-4581633
HAXM / KVM Version:

Android SDK Tools:

Host Operating System: Win10

CPU Manufacturer: AMD

Steps to Reproduce Bug:
1. Make new device on AVD (nexus 6, android 8)
2. run it, open google map
3. open Extend controls, Location TAB, set Longitude '0', Latitude '0'
4. run CMD on Windows, type command "adb -P 5037 -s emulator-5554 emu geo fix -2.00599 52.50659" (this command change GPS location on emulator)
5. watch google map: location on google map - correct (-2.00599 52.50659)
6. wait some time (about 1 second)

Expected Behavior:
location on Google map still -2.00599 52.50659

Observed Behavior:
location on Google map set to 0 0

PS: Also I post detailed question on SO : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48784648/adb-gps-location-command-cant-change-location-using-current-version-of-emulator